Informed consent from a patient to provide any treatment, procedure, examination or other direct health care services shall be obtained separately from such patient's consent to pay for the services. Consent to pay for any health care services by a patient shall not be given prior to the patient receiving such services and discussing treatment costs. For purposes of this section, 'consent' means an action which: (a) clearly and conspicuously communicates the individual's authorization of an act or practice; (b) is made in the absence of any mechanism in the user interface that has the purpose or substantial effect of obscuring, subverting, or impairing decision-making or choice to obtain consent; and (c) cannot be inferred from inaction.
New York Legal Code