The owners shall also be liable for the damages caused:\n(1) By the explosion of machines which may not have been cared for with due diligence, and for kindling of explosive substances, which may not have been placed in a safe and proper place.\n(2) By excessive smoke, which may be noxious to persons or properties.\n(3) By the fall of trees, located in places of transit, when not caused by force majeure.\n(4) By the emanations of sewers or deposits of infectious matters, when constructed without precautions proper for the place where they are located.\nHistory —Civil Code, 1930, § 1808.
Puerto Rico Legal Code